Borrowers considering inflating their income, even just a tad, checking the box to indicate they plan to live in the home when they’re not, or exaggerating their job description better think twice. Lenders are turning to websites and other tools to help nab fraudulent borrowers and perjurers looking to bilk lenders out of hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Making sense of the story

• During the height of the market, borrowers could get away with lying about their income, debt obligations, and the like to obtain financing.  But not anymore.  According to a representative from the Mortgage Bankers Association, there are “more fraud checks than ever, and it’s on every loan, not just a sample.”

• More important, perhaps, the focus now is on preventing fraud rather than dealing with it after the fact.

• Sometimes the fraud check is as simple as a quick call to the customer right before the loan is closed to verify information supplied on the loan application.  Such a call to an otherwise unsuspecting borrower can sometimes uncover a lie perpetrated by a corrupt loan officer who’s in it for the commission – or more.

• In other cases, lenders are using sophisticated databanks to spot fraudsters.  One website, for example, provides salary data on various industry positions so the lender can determine if the borrower is overstating his income.

• Another site provides historical wage data, and yet another checks the information supplied by self-employed borrowers, including whether the borrower’s company exists, who the principals are, the number of employees, and the annual revenue.

• There are also sites that will tell lenders where there are judgments against the borrower or liens against other properties the borrower might own.

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When to refinance again
Those who refinanced their mortgages a year or so ago, when interest rates averaged just below 5 percent for a 30-year fixed-rate loan, may be wondering whether it’s time to refinance yet again now that rates are at least a full percentage point lower.

Making sense of the story

• As of Thursday, according to Freddie Mac’s weekly survey, the average rate on a 30-year loan was 3.83 percent, down from 4.63 percent a year ago, setting a record low.

• According to financial planners, homeowners considering refinancing first should delve into their financial goals, specifically the length of time they plan to live in the home.

• Some homeowners decide it makes more sense to stay with their current mortgage, especially if the savings are small or they plan to move within a year or two.  According to one financial planner, when homeowners refinance, they’re not building equity; they’re starting at the beginning of the amortization tables.

• Amortization schedules work like this: In the first few years, almost all of the payment goes toward interest, so the longer the homeowner has the loan, the more is put toward the principal.

• Those who refinanced in the last year or two don’t have to consider amortization tables, but they do need to know their equity position – and when refinancing would begin to pay off.

• To calculate that, start with a rundown of all the closing costs, then divide the closing costs by the amount expected to be saved on each monthly payment.

• Depending on the lender, most homeowners likely need to have at least 20 percent equity, and maybe a little more, if they want to wrap closing costs into the new mortgage.

While analysts debate when the housing market will hit bottom, for a surprising number of cities the turnaround has already begun. In December, prices rose in 109 of the 384 metro areas tracked by data firm CoreLogic.

Making sense of the story

• There are certain signs to help determine if a particular neighborhood is on the verge of a rebound. For instance is local employment on the upswing? That’s a critical factor for a region to get itself on the path to recovery. Improving jobs picture has led to shrinking housing stock across the country, as investors and bargain hunters have started buying up foreclosures that have been preventing a recovery.

• For years, buyers were scared of overpaying for a home, but less so now. Many buyers have grown accustomed to thinking they’ll score deals, so they tend to act slowly, and typically start bidding around 10 percent to 15 percent below list price. However, a growing number of buyers are beginning to realize that if they wait too long in this market, they may miss out.

• Sellers can hold firm on price if they’re patient. The days of having to deal with low-ball offers are coming to an end. The higher the price, the more patient the seller must be. Cheaper homes are affordable to more buyers and appealing to investors, so recoveries usually start there.

• Sellers should keep in mind that while they don’t have to placate low-ball offers anymore, they also can’t shoot for the moon either. Working with a REALTOR® and setting a realistic price from the get-go is key.

• Sellers should know what they’re competing against. Homeowners should let their home’s value dictate the price. While this may seem self-evident, some owners may have lost sight of it during the bust. On the one hand, some sellers clung to the false hope of a return to boom prices, so they set prices unrealistically high. Others may have gone too far the other way, and set their price too low.

• It’s also important that sellers understand they’re no longer competing with gutted foreclosures. Buyers are tired of looking at worn-down, neglected, distressed properties and often don’t have much extra money to do a lot of fixing up. REALTORS® often report their clients are willing to pay a little more for a home that’s ready to move into.

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Mortgage rates are near historic lows, but they are rising, leading some borrowers to consider locking in their rate.  When borrowers lock in their interest rate, it freezes the terms of the loan while it is being processed, potentially saving borrowers thousands of dollars over the life of the mortgage.

Making sense of the story

• Locking in a rate may be especially important for those who are refinancing, where even a quarter of a percentage point could skew a borrower’s calculations and make a refinancing less financially desirable.
  Rate locks can provide buyers with some peace of mind, not to mention one less thing to think about in an otherwise onerous application process.

• Lenders typically will give loan rate guarantee agreements when a borrower has a purchase agreement, but a few will provide them to those who are preapproved for a mortgage..

• The cost of reserving an interest rate depends both on the duration of the lock and the amount of the loan.  The longer the lock, the more costly it is.  Most locks are for 30, 45, or 60 days, but some lenders will go as long as six months.

• Most lenders offer some version of a free lock, though it may be only for 30 days. Others charge points – or fractions thereof – based on the loan size, which could amount to several hundred dollars.  One point is equal to 1 percent of the loan amount.  Sometimes these charges are refundable at closing.

• Borrowers may want to skip a rate lock, or delay taking one, if they are unsure when their home purchase will close.

• Knowing how long to lock in a rate requires a clear picture of the mortgage process, and a good estimate from the lender on how long it will take to approve the loan and complete all the paperwork and other requirements. For some lenders handling refinancing, this can be 15 or 20 days; others take longer.

Rising rents, coupled with slumping home prices and interest rates near record-lows, are boosting demand for homes at entry-level prices.

Making sense of the story

• Increased buying activity from investors and second-home purchases may be factors behind the recent pickup in home sales, but real estate agents say they are fielding more calls from anxious tenants complaining about rising rents.

• Average apartment rents rose by 2.7 percent last year, while the national vacancy rate dropped below 5 percent for the first time since 2001, according to a quarterly survey released Wednesday by REIS Inc., a real estate research firm.

• The largest rent increases came in San Francisco and San Jose, Calif., which saw increases of 5.9 percent and 4.9 percent, respectively.  Such increases are one reason why industry analysts believe 2012 will be the first year since 2005 when the share of apartment renters that moves out to buy a house increases from the previous year.

• Historically, the cost to rent an apartment has been about 10 percent lower than the after-tax cost of owning a home.  That rental discount began to fall in 2010 and disappeared entirely last year, according to analysts at Deutsche Bank who track housing costs. By the end of 2011, the bank’s research found that the cost to rent an apartment was about 15 percent higher than the cost to own a home.

• It isn’t always easy for home buyers to make it to the closing table though. Lending and appraisal standards remain tight, keeping many would-be buyers out of the market.  And aspiring buyers are competing with savvy investors who have turned buying and reselling foreclosed homes into a business.

Next to filing for bankruptcy protection, nothing wrecks a borrower’s chances of qualifying for a home loan like a foreclosure.  And, some lenders may not look favorably upon borrowers who were able to successfully complete a short sale either.

Making sense of the story

• Although more than 4 million homes have been lost to foreclosure in the six years since the housing market began its descent, it’s a reality that the former owners will have to contend with the repercussions of foreclosures and/or short sales.  However, the passage of time makes all the difference.

• The mortgage-lending guidelines followed by the majority of banks prohibit lenders from making loans to people with foreclosure or short sale in their credit history, often for years.

• Still, some homeowners who were foreclosed upon when the market first started to skid are now looking to buy another home and are getting approved for new loans.

• The likelihood of a borrower with a real-estate related blemish on their credit history being approved for a new loan depends on several factors, but largely on whether the borrower had a foreclosure or a short sale.

• Generally, borrowers who have a foreclosure in their credit history can expect to wait between two to seven years before a lender will even accept their loan application.  The waiting periods stem from guidelines most banks must follow in order to sell their loans to purchasers such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

• If a buyer with a past foreclosure is seeking a government-backed mortgage, the waiting period can vary before they can qualify.  The Federal Housing Administration, which insures roughly 30 percent of new loans, requires former homeowners to wait three years from the date of their foreclosure before they can qualify for a loan guaranteed by the agency.

Homeowners considering finding a new job and refinancing a house may be wondering which task to take on first.  According to mortgage experts, homeowners should complete their refinancing before making any major career changes, especially if they are planning to start their own business or become an independent contractor, in which case, income may fluctuate.

Making sense of the story

• During the refinancing process, homeowners may find that actively looking to leave their current job may impact how the bank views giving them a mortgage.  The search will raise a question mark about their future employment and their ability to pay the mortgage.

• In addition to checking employment at the start of the application process, many lenders will verify such information as late as the last 72 hours before mortgage closing.  If they learn a borrower is starting a new job in the very near future, the mortgage can be delayed or even derailed.  And borrowers who withhold such information could be committing income fraud.  Other lenders, however, say they make loans based on a moment-in-time snapshot of a borrower’s finances.

• An advantage to refinancing first is that the borrowers are freeing up additional cash flow by reducing their monthly payment.

• All that said, however, there are advantages to refinancing later, especially for those who might have to relocate when they change jobs.

• A person may get a new job with more income, which may help him or her qualify for a larger mortgage, or even better terms.Read more here…

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) plans to impose significant restrictions on the amount of money that sellers can contribute at closing in the near future.  The FHA also will be raising its mortgage insurance premiums during the coming weeks, increasing charges for new purchases across the board.

Making sense of the story

• One reason for the increase in fees is that over the last six years, the number of FHA loans used by buyers has increased significantly.  The housing program is financing 40 percent or more of all new-home purchases in some areas and is a crucial resource for first-time buyers and moderate-income families.  This is especially because of the low 3.5 percent down payment required for most FHA loans.

• During this span of rapid growth, the FHA’s insurance fund capital reserves have steadily deteriorated – far below congressionally mandated levels.  And delinquencies have been increasing.  As a result, the FHA is under the gun to get its own house in order, cut insurance claims, and rebuild its reserves.

• Under the changes, the FHA will lower its seller concession cap to 3 percent of the home price or $6,000, whichever is greater.  Currently, the FHA allows up to 6 percent of the price of the house to go toward buyers’ closing costs.

• Beyond that change, the FHA also plans significant increases in insurance premiums – upfront premiums will rise to 1.75 percent from 1 percent, effective April 1, and annual premiums will increase by 0.1 percent on all loans under $625,000 and 0.35 percent on mortgage amounts above that, effective June 1.

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Property Details

With interest rates at or near record lows, many borrows are seeing little reason to pay points when buying or refinancing a home. Some are even opting for what’s know as “negative points”, agreeing to a slightly higher rate to help pay closing costs.

Making sense of the story

• Paying points enables a borrow to “buy down” the interest rate on a mortgage in exchange for an upfront fee. The trend away from points partly reflects borrower sentiments that rates are already low enough, according to industry experts.

• A point equals 1 percent of the loan amount, so paying one point on a $250,000 refinancing costs an extra $2,500 at closing, in addition to other mortgage fees, taxes and escrow amounts. Paying a point usually reduces the interest rate by 0.25 points over its term, so for instance, instead of  4 percent, the rate is 3.75 percent.

• The average number of points paid in 2011, according to a Freddie Mac survey, was 0.7 percentage points, less than half the levels paid in the 1990′s. The average has been 0.7 percent for three years, after it hit a low of 0.4 percent in 2007; in 1995 it averaged 1.8 percent, according to Freddie Mac data.

• The primary advantage of paying points are a lower rate and monthly payment to decide if paying points is worthwhile, borrows should consider two key decisions. How long they plan to live in the home and how much they can afford in close costs.

• Many mortgage professionals suggest following this rule; if the borrower plans to live in the home for at least five years, paying points will help the home owner to reap savings.

• Some borrowers are even going for negative points, which is also called a lender rebate or points in reverse. In exchange for accepting a higher interest rate, the lender agrees to give the borrower a credit, which is usually used for closing costs.